![]() In schizophrenia, robust sex differences exist with an incidence risk ratio of 1.4 for men as compared to women. Altogether, these results confirm the potential of raloxifene augmentation in the treatment of schizophrenia. No significant effects were found for comorbid depression and cognitive functioning. Raloxifene was superior to placebo in improving total symptom severity ( N = 482 Hedge’s g = .57, p = 0.009), as well as positive ( N = 561 Hedge’s g = 0.32, p = 0.02), negative ( N = 561 Hedge’s g = 0.40, p = 0.02), and general ( N = 526 Hedge’s g = 0.46, p = 0.01) subscales, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Nine studies were included, investigating 561 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. A random-effects model was used to compute overall weighted effect sizes in Hedges’ g. Meta-analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. ![]() Outcome measures were psychotic symptom severity, depression, and cognition. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of raloxifene in schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included in the quantitative analyses. Therefore, a systematic search was performed using PubMed (Medline), Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Recognizing the robust sex differences in schizophrenia prevalence, the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene is a likely candidate for augmentation therapy in this disorder. ![]()
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